Effects of Technology on Modern day Architecture and Design

Race and Orange Community an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Race and Orange Community Presentation Racial separation has prodded a great deal of discussion everywhere throughout the world over the course of the decades. Bigotry isn't attached to a gathering of specific individuals yet it is a difficult that has influenced the entire world. With the present equity framework, culprits might be rebuffed yet without tending to the underlying drivers and sharpening individuals against racial segregation the world is simply managing the side effects of racial separation. Throughout the decades racial separation has decreased impressively yet it is still established in certain networks. Need paper test on Race and Orange Community subject? We will compose a custom paper test explicitly for you Continue Racial separation has its support from social convictions and originations from an earlier time which forward-thinking in certain networks are viewed as typical henceforth the pervasiveness of this bad habit. As (Albert et al, 1990) characterizes it, this is the treatment of one race by another race in disdain or in a way that confines them to the common, social, strict, monetary, political, enrollment to specific clubs, and instruction openings. This paper fundamentally investigations bigotry in my locale centering in the part of skin shading, accessibility of equivalent chances to all, and the effects of prejudice. At long last I will propose some conceivable control measures. I am a white male living in South Orange County California. The people group living in South Orange County California is; Hispanics, African Americans, Asians, local Hawaiians, Latinos, American Indian. The African Americans in my locale involve 1.9% while the white people contain about 79%. This makes the differentiation of skin shading progressively perceptible. Aside from the skin shading different highlights are comparable. For example they all have shifted body sizes which are not attached to a specific race or skin shading, their scholarly capacities, socialization and practices fluctuate from individual to individual in spite of the skin shade of the individuals. In spite of the fact that the general public disproves the way that there is racial segregation, racial separation is available regardless of whether it isn't articulated. Verifiably, racial segregation has been an issue in America as well as in the entire world. The pioneers in my locale attempt their best to treat all the network similarly, as is prove by political pioneers church pioneers, directors and government authorities. USA grasps human rights and central opportunities for all. In this manner the legitimate framework offers a road for mediation for all instances of segregation. In Orange County, racial separation cases are defied in various manners including the courts. In my locale racial segregation takes numerous structures yet it is exceptionally articulated as far as access to assets and openings. The white network being the prevailing network in the district, its individuals involve a lot of places of impact and accordingly can undoubtedly victimize different networks as far as access to assets. For example racial minorities in the network are in certain occurrences denied archives which may assist them with landing positions and redesign their lives. The above is a case of one of the manners by which racial segregation is showed in the general public. Jarson Kimberly an African understudy in South Orange County California mourns on how he used to be denied an occupation with the goal that other white individuals could be given the opportunity first. The declaration of Jarson is proof of numerous who are denied openings exclusively on grounds of which race they have a place with. Individuals from same races in South Orange County California treat each other with care, cherish and consistently expand a hand of help and friendliness to one another. There is a typical propensity by individuals from same races to see each other as siblings and sisters. Taking a gander at the connections being shown by individuals of same race, it feels like individuals of same race are progressively bound together and strong of one another. In this manner, intra-racial relations are not quite the same as between racial relations something which serves to catalyze racial ill will among the various networks living in Orange County. Things being what they are, to be, there are suggestions from the sort of racial separation thus showed. Notwithstanding, numerous individuals are gradually conquering the racial separation. In this way, in Orange County the networks are defeating the racial segregation challenges by blending with one another and individuals from various races intermarry ing. Bury racial relationships are seen by numerous individuals as a suitable answer for racial segregation and it is functioning admirably for Orange people group The writings utilized in this exploration have been composed by white Americans and they are an extraordinary motivation to both the white and different races, for example, African American races. This is an unmistakable marker that the white populace isn't too unfair yet some of them see the need to sharpen individuals against racial segregation. Racial segregation has verifiably been formed by ethnocentrism. What a culture relates to isn't really what another culture will relate to. Judgment of ones race by another as far as their own standards and culture is unsatisfactory in light of the fact that individuals ought to be given their opportunity of articulation and their personality ought to be acknowledged. It is evident that these authors were enlivened to voice out their interests on the racial separation and take care of business. The nearby media is touchy about racial segregation and most stations air programs which target sharpening the network on racial separation and the requirement for racial resilience and conjunction. This is significant on the grounds that it helps in decreasing racial segregation and advances concurrence between the white greater part and different races. The media helps in featuring the predicaments of the dark network regarding racial segregation however the bad habit is profound established and will set aside some effort to be completely destroyed. The media proprietors additionally attempt and utilize individuals from the dark network to support solidarity and acknowledgment between the two networks. They dont oppress dark network perspectives to general society on social and political plans. The media in this perspective assumes a major job since it is one significant apparatus towards encouraging the destruction of racial separation all together. Beating the bad habit of racial separation isn't simple. The pioneers in my locale however attempting are not putting forth a valiant effort. Above all else they simply tune in to their youngsters who disclose to them that things are fine at the network level yet all day every day the racial minorities are as yet being segregated upon. A portion of the pioneers regardless of whether they recognize what's going on at the ground have by one way or another acknowledged the way this is a typical situation and life must proceed. I have next to no likenesses with the pioneers in my locale as to my feelings about how the entire issue of racial segregations ought to be tended to in the network. For example while the pioneers have permitted the separation, to thrive, I would accompany extremely rigid measures against culprits were I to be a pioneer. I am likewise not quite the same as the pioneers in that, I am seeking after courses in social investigations which will prepare me better to pro actively battle the bad habit. The way that some of by closest companions have experienced racial segregation have managed me a chance to all the more likely comprehend the bad habit. In this manner, I would be better positioned to speak to my kin in battling racial separation since I have been influenced by it. My way to deal with finding an answer would be a base top methodology so I can screen what is new with the individuals and include individuals of the various races in handling the issue of racial segregation. Its the high time that pioneers cooperate to battle racial segregation in light of the fact that a communitarian exertion would be progressively viable. Individuals on the other should choose just pioneers who have their inclinations on the most fundamental level and who show genuine promise to battling racial segregation. One thing that ought to be changed in my locale is most importantly to sharpen individuals on the issue of race segregation and present open discussions of discussion on the equivalent. This would open roads for the people in question and culprits of racial separation to reanalyze the present standards impartially. My drive in accomplishing equity among all races is the methodology dependent on the way of thinking that on the off chance that a part isn't fine, at that point different individuals are not fine. This is on the grounds that the more a race victimizes another race, at that point, odds are that the casualty race will at one point need to retaliate in light of the fact that they can't overlook the treatment. Martin Luther King once expressed that the world needs harmony and harmony isn't simply the nonappearance of war however the predominance of equity (Albert, 1990). This brings forth more issues of scorn and hatred towards the culprit yet this doesn't infer that all the individuals in the culprits race are racists. From the abovementioned, generalizations are framed that regularly if not reanalyzed and modified make the racial segregation a standard and individuals will in general acknowledge it. End Racial segregation is an issue that has its starting point going back to the most punctual hundreds of years and influences the entire world. It is clear this has been brought about by social standards from an earlier time that have caused the issue to be depicted as would be expected. The white race has consistently been depicted as unrivaled up to this point when world pioneers selected to battle against this standard. Casualties of racial separation can generally look for lawful activities to guarantee equity however then they will simply have managed the side effects. It is significant that the culprits be advised and offered treatment to manage their issues of racial separation as much as they are rebuffed for their deeds. In my locale, the pioneers should attempt to cooperate in t

How to Leave a Toxic Marriage

How to Leave a Toxic Marriage Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print How to Leave a Toxic Marriage When you cant fix it, its time to get out By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on February 01, 2020 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on February 01, 2020 Verywell / Jessica Olah More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse A good marriage can elevate your life in ways that you never thought were possible. A bad marriage can leave you heartbroken, depressed and listless. Relationships that have patterns of abuse (physical or emotional), chaos, repeated infidelity, inappropriate sexual behavior, drug abuse and so on, are more common than you might think.  This is a serious problem, and its effects can often be crippling. These unhealthy, toxic relationships are often baffling to people on the outside. Surely, if someone makes you miserable and hurts you physically and emotionally, the obvious decision is to leave them, right? Well, the truth is often more complicated. People get tied up in relationship patterns that can be hard to break out of. Many people also feel trapped financially or worry about their children. In fact, women make an average of seven attempts to finally end an abusive relationship. You can contact an advocate or counselor to find ways to reduce your risk or to seek support or shelter by contacting the  National Domestic Violence Hotline  at (800) 799-7233 or TTY (800) 787-3224. Why Its Hard to Leave a Toxic Marriage In these kinds of marriages, one partner is likely to be extremely manipulative towards the other. This frequently comes in the form of threatening the partner with physical, emotional and sometimes even financial consequences if the other person talks about leaving. Lots of fear is instilled in the victim. For couples who have children together, it can be very challenging to set themselves free because it will be difficult for them.?? If youve been in a roller-coaster relationship for a long time, it can be hard to discover the self-worth that will help you head out the door. You may even believe that you are really the cause of the problem or to blame. Feeling crazy is a common phenomenon as the perpetrator in the marriage is often an expert at gaslighting. Additionally, a lot of people hide the nature of their relationships from their friends, family, and acquaintances. As a result, they silently suffer because they are too ashamed to ask anyone for help. They might turn to drugs or alcohol for solace, worsening the toll that the relationship is taking. Reasons Why You Shouldnt Save Your Roller-Coaster Marriage 6 Steps to Leave a Toxic Marriage Ending a bad relationship can be really complicated, so here are some things you should use to make the process as easier. Build a safety net. If youre thinking of ending a relationship, make a plan for how you are going to deal with the transition. Where will you stay? What possessions will you need to bring along? Don’t do this haphazardly. This process should be well thought out.Set a goal to be independent. If you do not have a career or a way to support yourself, it is time to begin carving this path. Go to school, get training, begin a job (even a low level or part-time job). Your financial independence is one of the main roads to freedom.Let someone know. No more secrets. Confide in a family member or friend so that they can help you with the process. If you feel threatened, inform the local authorities that you are going to need help.Seek professional help. Leaving and recovering from a toxic relationship will take effort and time. Reach out to support groups or counselors who are experienced in relationship problems. A therapist can be a great impartial resource to guide you and hold you accou ntable for creating and meeting your goals. An experienced family law attorney is also necessary. You will need to reflect on some of your own behavior in the marriage as well.Stop talking to your partner. Toxic people are very cunning and can use emotional blackmail to lure you back in. When you make the decision to separate or end the marriage, terminate any form of communication with them unless you have children and need to co-parent. In this case, only communicate on concerns about the children. If you need to file a restraining order, so be it.Indulge yourself with things you love doing. Being part of a toxic relationship is extremely detrimental to your self-esteem. It will take some time before you are ready to be part of another relationship. Don’t rush this! Take time for yourself. To help yourself recover, make time for hobbies that you ignored during your marriage. Start working on a pet project or your own business. Take that trip youve always wanted to. The 8 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell Leaving an unhealthy and toxic marriage is a tremendously difficult step to take. But if you want to find happiness and comfort in your life again, you have to make the leap. There are good people out there. Dont let this experience sabotage your pursuit of happiness. When the time is right, you will find someone who makes you happy.

Ptsd, The Price Of Freedom Essay - 903 Words

PTSD, the Price of Freedom The freedoms Americans enjoy come at a price; brave military men and women often foot the bill. Many men and women pay with their lives; others relive sights, sounds, and terror of combat in the form of PTSD. There are several causes and risk factors for the development of PTSD. Combat-related PTSD appears slightly different than traditional PTSD. History tells of times when soldiers diagnosed with PTSD were viewed as â€Å"weak.† Resources have not always been available to struggling soldiers. The adverse symptoms of PTSD on soldiers and their families can be crippling. Many causes are responsible for post-traumatic stress disorder. PTSD is listed among a group called Trauma-and-stressor-Related Disorders. For a person to be diagnosed with PTSD, they must have been exposed to, witness, or experience the details of a traumatic experience (e.g., a first responder), one that involves â€Å"actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence† (APA, 2013, p. 271) . (PRU, 2016, p. 66). Although the aforementioned definition relates to soldiers, the manifestations and causes they experience with PTSD can look somewhat, different. Obvious causes of PTSD in soldiers stem from exposure to stressful circumstances within combat, exposure to the suffering and death of others, destruction, personal danger, and injury. A study on Vietnam soldiers provides insight on less obvious causes of PTSD. The study suggests those who suffered the worst cases of PTSD hadShow MoreRelatedPtsd, The Price Of Freedom785 Words   |  4 PagesPTSD, the Price of Freedom Freedom bears a heavy price. Many soldiers pay with their lives, while others relive the sights, sounds, and terror of combat. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects thousands of American veterans each year. Is PTSD simply a weakness, or is it an epidemic? Though historically, the validity of PTSD has been argued, the pain is real, and there is a diagnosis to prove it. Combat-related PTSD stems from witnessing the suffering and death of others, and the exposureRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1386 Words   |  6 Pagescalled PTSD, is when someone witnesses or had a role in a traumatic event that leads to a mental health condition. PTSD, is very common with veterans. Statistics, effects on the brain, and effects on relationships show how much this issue desperately needs attention so help can be given to the soldiers. It is suggested that the number of Iraq and Afghanistan soldiers that have PTSD is much higher estimated. â€Å"According to RAND, at least 20% of Iraq and Afghanistan soldiers have PTSD and/orRead MoreA Brief Note On Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesprognosticative nature of psychophysiological and responses to cortisol when introduced to in a Virtual reality(VR) environment. The research was the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes in a population of combat veterans from Operation Iraqi freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, in which objectives were measured using a baseline cue-dependent physiological reaction. The 6 week design had 50 participates, in which a double blind, placebo-controlled study with screeningRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )783 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom bears a heavy price. Many soldiers pay with their lives, while others relive the sights, sounds, and terror of combat. Post-T raumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects thousands of American veterans and their families each year. Is PTSD simply a weakness, or is it an epidemic? Though historically, the validity of PTSD was argued, the pain is real, and there is a diagnosis to prove it. Combat-related PTSD stems from witnessing the suffering and death of others, and the exposure of destructionRead MoreThe Effects Of Ptsd On Soldiers And Their Families Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesThe freedoms Americans enjoy come at a price; brave military men and women often foot the bill. Many men and women pay with their lives; others relive the sights, sounds, and terror of combat in the form of PTSD. Several causes and risk factors contribute to the development of PTSD. Combat-related PTSD appears slightly different than traditional PTSD. History tells of times when soldiers diagnosed with PTSD were viewed as â€Å"weak.† Resources have not always been available to struggling soldiers. TheRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1061 Words   |  5 Pagessoldiers in the war lost their personality and lives, and the countries, specifically Germany, suffered from chaos, such as inflation and the rise of Hitler. The fighting in the war resulted in the soldiers losing their humanity and suffering from PTSD. In Remarque’s novel, Paul and his comrades experience traumatic events, which result into them feeling no concern and compassion. Before entering war, Paul says, â€Å"By the animal instinct that is awakened in us we are led and protected. It is not conscious;Read MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd1434 Words   |  6 Pagesdanger or face it head on. With PTSD, this recoil of a decision is altered or impaired. PTSD is established when a terrifying incident places you in jeopardy of being harmed, which later interferes with a person’s life or health. With many PTSD patients, they have developed eating disorders because they find that this is the only way to control their physical and emotional manifestations. Studies have shown dramatically the relation between patients who suffer from PTSD and those who develop eatingRead MoreAlcohol Use Among Veterans And The Military Essay 1436 Words   |  6 PagesOperation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). This has lead to a generation of service men and women as well as veterans with a host of physical and mental injuries as a result multiple combat deployments. There are many veterans and active duty personnel suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as traumatic brain injuries (TBI) as a result of their deployment in support of OIF and OEF. There is a link between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1589 Words   |  7 PagesWomen who served for their country should be given all respect and care when they return home. Veterans come home with injuries that can affect them from living a healthy comfortable life. Their injuries can be from physical to mental injuries like PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) from combat. Veterans who come home with these injuries should be provided, by the government, healt h care where they can live an enjoyable life. Having veterans take an alternative rout like qualifying for medicadeRead MoreAn American Soldier1567 Words   |  7 PagesThe epitome of an American is an American soldier. They fight for our freedom, sacrifice their time and families, and sometimes give their lives for our country. The American soldier should be well compensated for all that they do, but putting a price on someone’s sacrifice is complicated. Although our veterans should be well taken care of, there are many situations and modifications that should be made to make veterans benefits appropriate to each soldier. In the Letter to the Editor from Michael

Child Labour And Child Labor - 1381 Words

Throughout the world around 218 million children are exposed to child labour. It occurs in most countries such as underdeveloped places such as India, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Mexico, Pakistan and many others. Many of these children do not go to school because their families cannot provide an income that would cover the fees for an education. More than half of them are exposed to the worst forms of child labour such as working in hazardous environments, slaver and Illicit activities including drug trafficking and prostitution, as well as involvement in armed conflict. These children do not have a say in there life, many of them are often sold to pay off debt because their families cannot pay back the money that is owed. This is still a growing issue and it needs to be stopped. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . During the mid-90s, a young boy named Iqbal Masih life was tragically cut short of the early age of 13. What he brought and shared to others about his own personal life regarding child labour and the affects it had truly inspired many countries across the world. Iqbal said this â€Å"children should have pens in their hands not tools† This was a powerful and inspirational message he sent that shocked the world. Iqbal Masih was born in the poor undeveloped community of Maridke outside of Lahore (Pakistan) on 1983. His family was poor, and often went days without proper healthy food and water by spending the little money they had on various things. When Iqbal Masih was 4 years ofShow MoreRelatedChild Labour And Child Labor1142 Words   |  5 Pagescurrently and previously forced to endure child labour. Child labour affects children mentally and physically, as well as putting children at risk for abuse from employers. Child labour is an everyday task for as many as 280 million children. They work on farms, factories, and in sweatshops for extremely low fees; most have little or no education. Child labour addresses many issues and thoughts such as, dehumanization, the lack of enforcement of child labour laws which exist in most countries in theRead MoreChild Labour And Child Labor1600 Words   |  7 PagesChild Labor Issues There are children that suffer through child labor daily. Child labor is the use of children in a business or industry, usually illegal. â€Å"3 billion people around the world survive on $2.50 a day or less. And 2 billion people do not hold a bank account or have access to essential financial services† (â€Å"Living in Poverty†1). Children that are normally in labor come from a poor family that’s in need of money so badly that it comes down to selling their own children or puttingRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Labour1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe tem â€Å"Child Labour† is often defined as work that deprives children from their childhood, their potential and their dignity and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It is serious and extensive problem with many children under the age of 14 years. Children living in poorest household and in rural areas are mostly likely to be engaged in child labour. Children have worked for as long as famili es have needed all hands to pitch in. Beyond defining work as a means of survival, definingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Child Labor In Ghana1583 Words   |  7 PagesLives of little ones are destroyed, when child labor is employed. This is one of the famous slogans that shows the severity and the cruelty of child labor. Child labor refers to work that threatens children’s health and safety or deprives their right to education (Herring). Child labor is a serious global issue that the world is facing these days. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), 215 million children worldwide between the ages of five and seventeen work under conditions thatRead MoreChild Labour And How Does It Happen?914 Words   |  4 PagesChild Labour The focus of this investigation is Child labour and recently developing child labour especially in developing countries. Child labour is when someone has power over children and they use it to their advantage such as businesses, especially when illegal or considered exploitative. It is predicted that child labour happens where there is more people. There are a lot of different types of child labour such as: Agriculture, Carpet weaving, automobile workshop, mining, stone/ marble cuttingRead MoreChild Labour : A History Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesChild Labour in The United States Child Labour: A History America and The Industrial Revolution ‘Forms of child labor, including indentured servitude and child slavery, have existed throughout American history.’ (http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/us_history.html) During the years following the Civil War, (http://americanhistory.about.com/od/industrialrev/a/indrevoverview.htm) the American working class made an abrupt transition away from farm work and home choresRead MoreChild Labour. . The Industrial Revolution (1760 To 1840)1134 Words   |  5 PagesCHILD LABOUR The industrial revolution (1760 to 1840) was an exciting time, and while Britain and America were transforming modern society there was an incredibly high demand for labor. Children as young as 4 years old were working underpaid in factories to keep themselves and their poverty struck families alive. I will be exploring why it was that so many children were working in factories during the industrial revolution, and how they compare to the child labourers of todayRead MoreFree the Children from Child Labour1517 Words   |  7 PagesFree The Children from Child Labour: The Disadvantageous of Child Labour Two hundred million children are suffering in the world! â€Å"the world has an estimated 186 million child labourers – 5,7 million in forced and bonded labor, 1.8 million in prostitution, and 0.3 million in armed conflict† .( Basu amp; Tzannatos, 2003, p.147). In Africa, Asia and the Middle East, a huge number of children are child labourers, and most of them under 14 years old. However, they are working hard as sameRead MoreChild Labor Is Not An Effective Way For India1533 Words   |  7 Pagesreceive our goods. All around the world, child labor is one of the most widely social issues affecting the younger population, specifically, in India. For the children of India, work becomes a nightmare based on suffering and mistreatment. While children have no choice but to be independent and forced to work, it can be a big influence on the child’s education, life, health, and development. Where child labor is deeply rooted from tradition, the causes of chi ld labor are difficult and complex beliefs andRead MoreInternational Labor Standards Of Child Work906 Words   |  4 PagesINTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE International labour standards characterize child work by its outcomes; it includes work that is rationally, physically, socially or ethically perilous and destructive to children, and meddles with their educating. UNICEF characterizes child work as work that surpasses a base number of hours, contingent upon the age of a child and on the sort of work. The 18th International Conference of Labor Statisticians held at Geneva held that Child work (slated for nullification) ought

Should the Engineers Apply ‘Rhetoric Strategy’ to Popularized Technology Free Essays

Should the engineers apply ‘rhetoric strategy’ to popularized technology? Abstract Nowadays, it is common for engineers to overpromise or exaggerate the technology’s advantages while neglecting its potential disadvantages in order to get more attention and investment, which is actually a form of ‘rhetoric strategy’. In this paper, the notion of ‘rhetoric’ in term of technical field will be briefly defined, including the definition, the applying stages and connection with ethic issues. To develop the arguments, a case study of the development of solar We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Engineers Apply ‘Rhetoric Strategy’ to Popularized Technology? or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/network-engineer/"energy technology will be drawn upon. Afterwards, the ethical cycle will be used to analyze its potential ethical problem. Last but not least, the conclusion will be given. 1. Definition of Rhetoric The best known definition of ‘rhetoric’ comes from Aristotle, who considers it a counterpart of both logic and politics, and calls it â€Å"the faculty of observing in any given cases the available means of persuasion† [5]. Generally, rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the facility of speakers or writers who attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations [4]. Two decades ago in UK, the notion of strategic science and technology emerged [1]. It is a different kind of research located in different way from traditional science and technology. Expectations and promises are investigated in strategic science instead of actually achieved understanding or immediate application. In this way, the rise of strategic science has created a ‘space’ in which promises can be floated, which is generally for whoever is willing to listen and specifically directed toward sponsors of RD who have an interest in the promising areas of science. Such space is call ‘rhetorical space’, which voices promises about new technology, gets a hearing and mobilizes audiences. The rhetoric could increase the technology’s popularity and help RD to attract not only capital investment, but also policy support, because sometimes government agencies are even eager to fill their portfolios with attractive-sounding RD programs. 2. Stages of applying rhetoric To develop a new technology with rhetoric strategy, a spokesman (lobbyist), argumentation (statements in texts), and audience (creating presentations /brochures) are needed. 1. Firstly, to come clear the technology, definition of the umbrella term is introduced by engineers to the public. Now a technology in the rhetorical space can be defined in a single definition, it is possible to make an index of the technology development over time. 2. Secondly, to attract public attention, relevant articles with the topics (argumentation) of this technology is published to make the technology popular. Behind these articles are authors who try to convince readership. they are spokesman or promise champions, who speak for a technology rather than for an organization or own interest. . Thirdly, audience is another important pillar needed in the rhetorical space. To raise an audience, presentations are created. 4. Last but not least, to Interest the industry, public lecture is conducted by government or association of engineers. Because of such promotion, more industries will show interest in this technology. 3. Nexus connects Rhetoric to Ethics Issues As rhetoric is tre ated as the art in discourse, rhetoric is treated as the strategic science, in terms of technology. It is increasingly prevalent for engineers to apply rhetoric to introduce, describe and popularize the technology. At first glance, engineers just serve their technological enthusiasm, the ideal of wanting to develop new technological possibilities and taking up technological challenges, rather than their personal or others’ interests. It is reasonable and nature to exaggerate the bright side or use the euphuism to describe their technologies for engineers. Since technologies consist of engineers’ beliefs, values and desire to change the world. Based on Kant’s theory, the universal law would be read as follows: â€Å"Engineers can use the rhetoric to introduce, describe or popularize what they believe. † It is quite acceptable that people can picture the promising future of what they believe. Therefore this behavior is morally correct. However, the consequences of applying rhetoric seem quite unpredictable. We will introduce the case study of solar technology at next chapter as an example to demonstrate that, although the rise of solar technology is based on the good will of and technological enthusiasm of engineers and it riggers thousands of breakthrough in sustainable energy technology, there are some certain influence and relevant consequences neglected by society. 4. Case Study—Solar Energy Because of the energy crisis and environmental issue, the early development of solar technology started in 1860s [2]. Simultaneously, the rhetoric was used to increase its popularity. In the following century, s olar energy technology was promoted by being positioned as renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly technology to mankind, relatively well spread over the global. Besides, it was argued that the operating and financial attributes of solar energy technology including modularity, flexibility and low operating costs would be considerably superior to those for traditional fossil based technologies, which included large capital investments, long implementation lead times, operating cost uncertainties and regarding future fuel costs [2]. It was described as the ideal substitutes for existing technologies. Figure 1 solar panels Due to the successful rhetorical strategy, large quantities of companies got involved in this field. Some business realized that renewable energy would be profitable to invest in. Other business realized that getting involved in solar energy technology would not only make money, but also benefit from the ethical way their business may be judged. They could win good reputation to create a loyal customer base by appearing to be ethic. Besides, governments provide state subsidies to support the development of solar energy in order to solve the environmental issue and energy crisis in the future. All of these actions push forward the development of this green technology to the climax. Thus, the rhetoric provide has provided solar energy plenty of capital investment as well as policy support. However, the disadvantages of solar energy were neglected in the early phase of development. It isn’t always as reliable as other forms of power and tends to be expensive to install and maintain, because the devices rely on a steady supply of sunlight to generate power. The equipment is not that efficient, typically converting just 10% to 18% of the sun’s energy into electricity [3]. On top of the price of panels themselves, the cost of installing them varies greatly by location and climate. By most estimates, it takes at least six years for the initial costs to be repaid in saving from power generation under the best circumstances, and double that time under less ideal conditions [3]. Besides, the batteries and safety serve as potential problems. Since it is impossible to generate solar power 24 hours a day, batteries are needed for most systems to store excess power for use at night and rainy days. Unfortunately, these batteries can be expensive and have a shorter lifespan than solar panels. The solar energy technology cannot perform as well as promised. In early 20th century, the solar markets tended to be saturated on account that the market was not as big as expected. Many companies getting involved in went bankruptcy. The development of the green technology slowed down, and even stagnated. Many countries (including Germany, Spain, UK, China, etc. ) successively declared that the subsidies for solar energy will be cut down in order to control the overinvestment in this field. Many graduates majoring in solar energy lose their job because of the recession. Besides, the resources and funds of the whole society are limited, other substitutes like nuclear energy lose opportunities to be invested and developed when people’s attentions were all attracted by solar energy. Such unbalanced resource allocation caused by ‘rhetorical strategy’ restrained the fair competition among alternative technologies. The real promising technology can hardly stand out or even be crowded out if the rhetorical strategy has been utilized by other competitors. 5. Methodology Moral problem-solving is a messy and complex process. A systematic approach might even be required to avoid the reduction of moral judgment to mere gut-feeling without any attempt to understand the moral problems or to justify one’s actions. The ethical cycle is a helpful tool in structuring and improving moral decisions, trying to avoid certain shortcuts such as neglecting certain relevant features of problem [6]. Figure 2 The ethical cycle Phase1. Moral problem statement The problem is that engineers popularize their technology, using rhetorical methods is morally acceptable or not. It is obviously that engineers are the decision-makers and the moral nature of the problem is engineers might be misled by their emotions: their enthusiasm about a technology can lead them to overlook certain risks. All involved parties might be biased, and their emotions might reinforce those biases. Sunstein calls this ‘probability neglect’ and argues that emotions are especially prone to let laypeople neglect probabilities [7]. Phase2. Problem analysis Shareholders and their interests: Shareholders| Description| Interests| Engineers| Use rhetorical methods to introduce or propagate their own technology to audiences| popularize technology, attract investment andvalue by society| Audiences| Listen to the speech of promising champions and convince by engineers| transform the promising technology into social reality and take first move| Promising champions| Serve technology interest rather than every one’s interest and highly believe in the future of the technology| attract audiences’ attentions and promise the future of technology| Counterparts| Work in the same field of the rhetorical engineers and popularize their technologies based on empirical facts| Popularize technology without applying extra strategic science| Relevant, uncertain and possible missing facts: Engineers use rhetoric to popularize technology should take the active responsibility before something has happened. They should act in such a way that undesired consequences are avoided as much as possible. However the consequence s are always neglected by engineers based on their personal emotion. The consequences are not always harmless. The indirect harm to counterparts, audiences and followers should take into account. Besides the uncertainty or disadvantages should be mentioned rather than neglected. Phase3. Options for actions Black-and-white strategy: Using rhetoric to popularize technology or popularizing technology based on empirical facts. Cooperation strategy: Applying rhetoric on some extents to popularize technology. Using rhetoric to describe or introduce technology, after considering the possible uncertainty and take every relevant shareholders into account. Furthermore, engineers should strike a balance between exaggerating the advantages and covering the disadvantages. Phase4. Ethical evaluation Formal moral frameworks: Utilitarianism Cost| Benefit| The other promising technologies have been ignored and marginalization. | The particular technology attracts a lot of investment and attention. | The idea of creativity is restricted in this field. | Scientists and engineers operate a lot of research in this technology. | The technology has been proved fail and lost a lot of time, capital and resource| The technology has been proved successful and promotes the welfare of society| Overinvestment can lead to a disaster| Investing in promising technology can lead to amazing profit| Promising technology has influenced youngsters career choices| Creating new direction for teenagers. | Informal moral frameworks: Intuitive framework In our opinions, the most acceptable and formulate argument should be that engineers should describe their technologies based on empirical facts and compete with the other engineers based on facts rather than rhetorical methods. Phase5. Reflection Criticism of utilitarianism: The consequences cannot be foreseen objectively and often are unpredictable, unknown or uncertain. Next to this there is the problem of distribution justice. Distribution justice refers to the value of having a just distribution of certain important goods, like income, happiness and career. Answer the questions for reflection: The ethical theory did not quantitative give answers to the result. However the cost applies for all potential technology and the benefit comes from on particular kind of technology, which means egoistic. So on this aspect, the ethical framework provide reasons that support our intuitive opinion- engineers should describe their technologies based on empirical facts and compete with the other engineers based on facts rather than rhetorical methods. Phase6. Moral acceptable action engineers should describe their technologies based on empirical facts and compete with the other engineers based on facts rather than rhetorical methods. 6. Conclusion This paper discussed the ‘rhetoric’ used in scientific field. The seeming advantages of rhetoric strategy will undoubtedly attract large quantity of investment and public attention, leading to further development of the technology. However, the potential ethical problems can be serious and cannot be neglected. Due to the case study and ethical cycle analysis, our view is that the engineers should popularize their technologies based on facts rather than rhetorical strategy, so that the real promising technology can stand out. Reference [1]. H. Van Lente A. Rip (1998). The rise of membrane technology: From rhetorical space to social reality. Social Studies of science 28(2) 221-254 [2]. Cedric Philibert. THE PRESENT AND FUTURE USE OF SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY AS A PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY. The InterAcademy Council. [3]. What Are the Disadvantages of Solar Power? http://www. wisegeek. com/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-solar-power. htm [4]. Corbett, E. P. J. (1990). Classical rhetoric for the modern student. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1. Young, R. E. , Becker, A. L. , Pike, K. L. (1970). [5]. Aristotle. Rhetoric. (trans. W. Rhys Roberts). I:4:1359 http://rhetoric. eserver. org/aristotle/rhet1-4. html [6]. Ibo van de Poel and Lamber Royakkers. Ethics, Technology and Engineering. WILEY-BLACKWELL [7]. Sabine Roeser. The role of emotions in judging the moral acceptability of risks. Philosophy Department, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology How to cite Should the Engineers Apply ‘Rhetoric Strategy’ to Popularized Technology?, Essay examples

Juvenile Drug Courts Essays - Criminal Law, Criminology,

Juvenile Drug Courts JUVENILE DRUG COURTS Drugs and our youth, the numbers are rising. More and more children today are using drugs without their parents knowing. What happens when they get caught? It all depends on who caught them. If it is the parents, usually a big punishment. If it is law enforcement they may have to appear in front of drug courts specialized to handle juvenile cases. Sometimes the parents may even turn them in, just for the treatment and help these special courts can offer. The juveniles are then referred to juvenile drug courts for help. Today there are 72 juvenile drug courts in operation in 41 states in the United States, with more to come in the future What exactly is a juvenile drug court? What do they do? How do they help? Why are more specialized courts coming up for juveniles? A juvenile drug court, as defined by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is a juvenile drug court is defined as a drug court that focuses on juvenile delinquency (e.g., criminal) matters and status offenses (e.g., truancy) that involve substance-abusing juveniles. (OJJDP; Juvenile and Family Drug Courts: An Overview, November 1996) Another way to look at juvenile drug courts is that they are special courts that provide judicial supervision for nonviolent juvenile offenders as they participate in addictions treatment services. Through an intensive, long-term program lasting from nine to 12 months, drug treatment courts monitor the offenders' progress in treatment in an effort to stop their use of drugs, end their involvement in crime and improve their ability to function as responsible citizens and family members. The courts hold the offenders accountable for their progress in the program by requiring weekly or frequent random drug tests, participation in intensi ve treatment services on a regular basis (initially three to four times per week), and weekly appearances in court to allow the judge to determine each offender's progress in treatment. With the seemingly rising numbers in juveniles with drug problems there is a need more than ever to specialize programs to help our nations youth. They are needed to help these children overcome their addiction and clean up their act and move on to bigger and better things. Mostly, first time drug offenders are sent to these courts to help before it is too late. Drugs are not the only thing that can send a juvenile to court, alcohol charges can as well. Another important aspect is to ensure that these teens stay clean. If they dont they can end up with detention sentences, home incarceration, or possibly moved into the adult court system. Using one example of how drug courts work is from King County, Washington. Superior Court Judge Laura Inveen is over the juvenile drug court in King County. Twenty-five teenagers appear before her every Thursday in the 4-month-old drug court. All of the youths referred to the court have been either charged with a drug or alcohol offense, or they are accused of committing property crimes while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Juveniles charged with violent or sex-related offenses are excluded. Participating teenagers must attend weekly court hearings, complete court-ordered treatment, attend school, participate in individual, group and family counseling, and undergo random urine tests. After the firs t three months, youths who make progress can check in less frequently. Failure to comply with any part of the program can result in penalties ranging from having to repeat an earlier phase of treatment, to spending a day on a work crew, or being jailed for a few days in the detention center. So far, one teenager has been removed from the program because he needed intensive inpatient mental health treatment. None of the youths have flunked. Parents are also expected to participate in the weekly check-ins to report on their children's progress. (Teichroeb) By this report, it seems that the drug courts may work for our youth. As with any other court system, juvenile drug courts are there to ensure the success of each individual child. This is such a hot topic at this time because of the get tough on drugs debate. Americans dont want their children growing up addicted to drugs and heading