Saudi Arabia Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Saudi Arabia Business Ethics - Essay Example It is noteworthy to mention that organisational culture plays a very important role in organisations in the aspect that it can become a strategic resource that leads to sustainable competitive advantage through the promotion of learning, risk taking, and innovation (Blunt, 1991). It is also suggested that organisational culture is linked to performance at the individual level (Scott et al., 2003), thus pointing out on the importance of culture in business transactions. Culture has been described as â€Å"the way of life for an entire society† and includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, and norms of behaviour such as law and morality as well as systems of belief. Hofstede and Hofstede (2005, p. 4) defines culture as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from others.† Human behaviour is often characterised as complex and unpredictable, adding to the influence of culture on it, which affects how managers work through and with people. Thus, the tasks of the managers influence individual behaviour. A manager who transacts business in a global manner needs to understand the culture of people with whom business is carried out. This indicates the importance of understanding culture as a key factor in competition that relies on knowledge-based assets and processes and depends heavily on learning and innovation (Levitt, 1983). From this standpoint, it is clear that the main target of the organisation today for sustaining organisational success and competitive advantage includes gaining knowledge, skills, and abilities. Additionally, distinctive elements between successful and unsuccessful firms include crucial factors such as the culture, values, attitudes, and commitments of employees and the organisation itself (Piper, 1990). In today’s era of globalisation, the importance of

Coaching Plan for Addressing a Key Employee Behavior Term Paper

Coaching Plan for Addressing a Key Employee Behavior - Term Paper Example In addition, it is never obvious that the new employee will turn out to be more productive and thus the manager might have to go through the same expensive process severally before obtaining a productive workforce. On the other hand, coaching enables a company to utilize the resources for its betterment since the productivity of the employee is increased without having to undergo costs of hiring and training new employees. In most instances, the employees only require minimal coaching to realize their faults or weaknesses. Adopting the option of coaching employees other than firing also increases the job satisfaction and loyalty of employees towards the employer. There are several coaching strategies, but they all aim at improving the performance of employee both qualitatively and quantitatively hence overall organization success (Emerson and Loehr 5-10). This paper is a case study of Joan, an employee in research institute, who has a problem with her productivity but is adamant abou t her performance. She does not appear to be well organized and constantly misses meeting deadlines. The paper seeks to establish a five step coaching process that can be used to assist Joan improve her performance. Joan is a research assistant in a medical research institute and has been working with the institute for the last one year. Joan was employed immediately after graduating and received minimal training since she was academically qualified. She also had some experience in medical research as she had attended a three months attachment in a different medical research institute during her college training. Her roles include visiting hospitals to collect samples for laboratory tests, recording the results, and writing the reports on the research experiments. Some reports are required for publishing thus strict deadlines are occasionally set. From the start, Joan has never been prompt enough in forwarding the reports, which has resulted in delaying the publishing process hence lowering the overall performance of the institute. Another problem is that her reports are disorganized at times such that the chief technician has to correct several errors before publishing. The chief technician realized Joan’s problem and wanted her sacked by the management. However, the manager felt that the poor performance was because Joan was new in the company and thus suggested they give her some time to get oriented after which they would asses her productivity. Seven month later, Joan’s performance improved slightly but she was still disorganized and failed to meet deadlines quite often, which worried the manager. At one time, the manager had moved her to a different position but he noticed she disliked the position, seemed unsatisfied and her performance had not changed. The manager realized that sacking Joan would not be the appropriate solution since he has used this strategy severally while attempting to replace underperforming employees, but he keeps en countering the same problem or a different problem with new employees. The Manager thus decided to try a different approach of coaching which had been suggested to him some time back but he had ignored it thinking it was time consuming and expensive. When he first requested Joan to see him, she gladly accepted. However, when the manager told her of his

Human Fall Detection Using Kinect Sensor Essay -- falls, major risk fra

Falls are a major risk in our society which reduces the quality of the life for various people such as the old aged people who are at a higher risk of fall. This has been supported by NICE stating â€Å"Falling is the leading cause of injury-related admissions to hospital in those over 65. â€Å" For that reason various research has been conducted to discover the ideal solution for the dilemma. A variety of solutions has been produced as well, however the issue is still present. Therefore, this project’s research would be based on how another technology device such as Kinect could be used as a solution to the issue. Consequently, throughout the project, the discussion would be based on how the Kinect could play a role in resolving the problem and how the manipulation of the device can create such a tremendous applicability other than the specified purpose of gaming. Project Schedule Previously, in the project specification, a project timeline had been introduced to manage the time effectively for the delivery of the project on time. The timeline had not incorporated sufficient disruption time for the progression of the project which had an effect on the previous timeline that the project is slightly behind the schedule. The previous timeline is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Timeline from project specification. Most of the activity has gone according to the plan or achieved earlier than the allocated date. However, the implementation and testing has not adhered to the project timeline but the progress report has been completed before the allocated date. Implementation and testing has not been started due to the amount of research required for the project in-order to acquire the elementary understanding of how the project should be i... ...astorakis, G. and Makris, D. 2012. Fall detection system using Kinect’s infrared sensor. [e-book] Surrey: Faculty of Computing, Information Systems and Mathematics, Digital Imaging Research Centre. pp. 1-10. Available through: Springer Link http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/704/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11554-012-0246-9.pdf?auth66=1385201938_2821d8c75169ac286da18a72dcc5134c&ext=.pdf [Accessed: 21 Nov 2013]. NICE. 2013. Older patients at high risk of hospital falls. [online] Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/news/OlderPatientsHighRiskHospitalFalls.jsp [Accessed: 20 Nov 2013]. Openni.org. 2013. About OpenNI - 3D sensing Technology for depth sensors | OpenNI. [online] Available at: http://www.openni.org/about/ [Accessed: 21 Nov 2013]. Openni.org. 2013. NiTE 2.2.0.11 | OpenNI. [online] Available at: http://www.openni.org/files/nite/ [Accessed: 21 Nov 2013].

From the Concert of Europe to the Cause of the First World War Essay

After the fall of Napoleon there was a need to create a balance of power that would preserve the peace between European monarchies. Also to redraw the map of Europe and to restore the countries in crisis after their defeat of Napoleon. The main goal of the Concert was to contain France and prevent another ascend of authority such as Napoleon Bonaparte. The origins of The Concert of Europe begin from the international conference called by the victorious allied nations in Vienna – The Congress of Vienna. It took place in September 1814 to June 1815 and is mostly considered as the precursor to today’s United Nations. The Congress was highly successful in achieving its goal, as there were no wars between European countries for almost 40 years. One could say that the Concert of Europe is still continuous, but with different players, goals and name. Thus The Concert of Vienna was first of its kind and in addition Europe had not seen such cooperation between major powers before, it nonetheless made numerous decisions that shaped Europe to its historic course. For instance France was deprived from lands Napoleon had conquered. Britain got several strategic colonial territories, also gaining control of the seas. France and Spain were restored under rightful bloodlines. However the numerous decisions and outcomes were pompous, concentrating on the needs and wants of four main powers – Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain. The Concert’s main accomplishment was the securing of independence for Greece (ironic) by sending fleets to fight against invading Ottoman-Egyptian armies. Thanks to three great powers, Russia, The United Kingdom and France, Greece was finally recognized as an independent nation that it is today. In Belgian revolution the Great Powers recognized Belgium as an independent state. After that the signs of collapse of the alliance started to appear. The goal of the Concert of Europe was to keep a balance of power between leading countries in Europe, but if the balance starts to change to someone’s favour then the conflicts begin to arise. The sudden development of Egypt and their successful war against Ottomans brought about fear in European powers. A collapse of Ottoman Empire could have had a destabilizing effect to every country especially to the United Kingdom. England was not only worried for loosing economic benefits and militarily strong state in Mediterranean, but also about Egypt’s close ties to France. Britain preferred a weakened but intact Ottoman Empire that would give it the strategic and commercial advantages it needed to maintain its influence in the region. This all lead to what was called the Oriental Crisis of 1840 where United Kingdom, Austrian Empire, The Kingdom of Prussia and the Russian Empire backed Ottoman Empire against Egypt. France did not accept with the terms The Concert of Europe offered to Egypt, not siding with any of the rivals, but stayed ‘neutral’. Eventually after numerous military conflicts Egypt accepted the terms and Ottoman Empire got back all its lost fleets and territories. The significant downfall of The Concert of Europe was Crimean War in 1853 when Russian Empire started its expansion, which was against the main idea of the Congress of Vienna. It was all powered by the weakening Ottoman Empire and religious disputes till Russia made its move on Constantinople which was owned by the Turks. Afterwards European powers joined in to prevent Russia from growing too powerful. Followed three years of hostilities on five theatres till Russian Empire was eventually stopped. Being the first major armed conflict in Europe after the settlement at the Congress of Vienna, Crimean War signified the downfall of the Concert of Europe. At the Treaty of Paris, signed on March 30, 1856, the real looser was Austria. Having chosen to defy the Russians in the Balkans, Austria lost main ally, and over the next few years it appeared that Britain and France were not interesting in cooperation. Moreover, the Crimean War was the collapse of the Vienna Settlement, the system that had enabled Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia to cooperate and maintain peace for three decades. The Crimean War placed the basis for two powerful new nation states – Italy and Germany. The new six-power European system demonstrated to be less stable than its forefather, while the expectation that political and diplomatic aims could be satisfied by war led these states to adopt ever closer alliances. The Crimean War was a turning point in European history, marking the end of the Vienna settlement, and the beginning of a new system. In spite of all, the Great Powers finally returned to war in 1914, almost hundred years after the Congress of Vienna. Alliances and common pacts all end in the course of time, lead by human needs and personal gains, sooner or later. (And the outcome is war ofc) The First World War begun with a simple murder of Austrian-Hungarian royalty, at least that is the simplified reason. In reality it only triggered the war; the actual roots of the war are much deeper and more complicated than a simple bullet in the Archdukes neck. Rise of nationalism and its movements in Europe created such secret societies that used terrorist methods to promote their views. Slavic people in Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted no longer to be a part of Austria-Hungary, but instead be to be a part of Serbia. Viewing it in this way, it could be said that nationalism led Slavic people to rebel against their occupiers that ended with the First World War Increased military and naval rivalry led not only to the belief that war was close and increase in military control of the civilian government also there was an increased cooperation between allied countries. For example United Kingdom, France and Russia held secret military talks. The British and the French naval authorities agreed that the French navy should be concentrated in the Mediterranean and the British in the North Sea. Germany and Austria also had military agreements. When the First World War began, it was to be fought by all powers because they were locked into the conflict from the beginning by contracts and alliances. European powers had formed themselves into two rival groups called the Triple Entente versus the Triple Alliance and the interests of these groups clashed in many parts of the world before 1914. Whenever a clash arose, the two groups seemed to be on the edge of war. Believably, on some level, it eventually led to hatred of each other. Contributing fact was that after 1870, the European nations began to acquire colonies in Asia, Africa and the Pacific. Their imperialistic activities led to another clash of interests. It could be said that the underlying causes for war are the same as for everything else in life. One decision affects the other to ad nauseam. It was possible that politicians knew that war was at their doorstep, but I am sure they did not know that over 15 million people will have to pay for it with their lives. Could the First World War be avoided is doubtful, because of the tense relations, rivalry and complicated alliance systems. It was a small scale war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that transformed into world war. The same could easily happen today when China or USA supports North or South Korea over the conflict. History repeats itself and we need to learn from it. Poking your nose into other people’s business is not the smartest plan when both sides have powerful ‘’brothers’’ positioned farther back.

Essay about U.S. Health Care system - 2711 Words

Running head: U.S. Health 1 U.S. Healthcare System HCA 497 Health Care Studies Capstone Instructor: Jennine Kinsey September 9, 2013 U.S. Healthcare 2 U.S. Healthcare System Many people believe that the current of health care in the United States is the best health care in the world however it has major shortcomings that has become more visible for the whole world to see. The United States has the most expensive health care system in the world based on health expenditure per capita and on†¦show more content†¦Having access to quality healthcare is major part of one’s life however the cost of care has been on the rise over the past decades and continue to rise every day due to many situation such U.S. Healthcare 4 as defensive medicine practice, new technology, malpractice lawsuit and the uninsured. New technology is the biggest factor of the rising cost of healthcare to treated patient of their illness. New technologies have seemed to be the driving force of high healthcare cost in America. The technology accounts for 38 to 65 percent of healthcare spending in America (Johnson, 2011). The annual spending of health care increased from 75 billion in 1970 to 2.0 trillion in 2005 and is estimated to reach 4.0 trillion in 2015 (Kaiser Foundation, 2013). U.S. citizens spent 5,267 per capita for health care in 2002- 53 percent more than any other country† (2005). â€Å"America spent 5267 per capita and in Switzerland they spent 3074 per capita† about 1821 cheaper than ours (Starfield, B 2010). Controlling the technology isn’t easy thing to do because of technology prices are set by manufacturing and the installer of the new medical equipment’s. However, there other wayShow MoreRelatedU.s. Health Care System1329 Words   |  6 PagesContrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Compare and Contrast U.S. Healthcare Policy Shaquita Jefferson MHA 620 Dr. Rhonda C. Hatfield August 10, 2015 The Canadian system is often considered the model for the U.S. health care system. Both countries health care systems are very different-Canada has a single-payer, mostly publicly-funded system, while the U.S. has a multi-payer, profoundly private system but both countries appear to be similar and suggesting that it might be possible that the U.S. toRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is perhaps one of the most complex and plastic industries present within the current world economy. With a projected market sector value of $3,455.1 billion by the end of 2016 the U.S. health care providers market represents a significant portion of the economy (â€Å"Research and Markets; Healthcare Providers in the United States,† 2012). For someone that finds themselves in the position of management it is certainly an orthodox presumption that they incorporate into theirRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1696 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"fixâ₠¬  the U.S. health care system that is supposedly the best in the world? At the time of this program, the U.S. was 37th in the world in terms of fairness and quality (Palfreman, 2008). Other rich countries were ahead of this U.S. in this ranking but were spending a lot less. Frontline’s reporter, T.R. Reid traveled to 5 different countries to examine their health care systems on how this was possible and hopefully come away with any ideas that could potentially help with the U.S. health care systemRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1539 Words   |  7 Pages The U.S. health care system faces challenges that indicate that the people urgently need to be reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency ofRead MoreU.s. Health Care System Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is the real and perceived performance of the U.S. health care system? Are the views different among patients, providers, payers, and policy makers? Why or why not? According to Kovner and Knickman (2011), acutely ill patients within the country may hold a positive view of the country’s healthcare system, as the U.S. is scientifically and technology advanced in treating life-threatening injuries and illnesses. Overall quality of healthcare performance, however, is lacking (Kovner Read MoreU.s. Health Care System Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. health care system is way more complex than what meets the eye. A major difference between the health care system in the U.S. and other nations, is that the U.S. does not have universal health care. Lack of a universal health care opens up the doors for competition amongst insurance, physicians, technology, hospitals and outpatient services. Health care insurance in the U.S. is extremely competitive and not always fair. Recently in 2012, The Affordable Care Act passed by Barack Obama setRead MoreU.s. Health Care System2431 Words   |  10 PagesU.S. Healthcare System On March 23, 2010, the President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which represents the most significant regulatory that impacts the U.S. healthcare systems. With PPACA, 32 millions of Americans are expected the coverage and expanded access to health care and medical care. Due to the baby boomers and the downfall of the economics, there will be millions of people are seeking for low rates medical care which will create great impact on URead MoreU.s. Health Care System1142 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction U.S. Health Care System Health care systems are organizations that are formed to meet the overall health needs of the population. Health care is regarded as one of the leading cause in promoting not only physical and mental health but the well-being of the population. Legislation is implemented requiring government to offer services to all members of its society. The role of health services and the organizations that provide aid is to focus on the health of an individual and to upholdRead MoreThe U.s. Health Care System886 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. Health Care System is very unique; it is mostly based on cultural, social and economic factors. Within the system exists various subsystems of several interrelated and interdependent components. During the process of birthing a Health Care Delivery System, the ultimate goal is to provide a cost effective universal access to all in need. When it comes to the U.S. Health Care Delivery System, compare to other developed countries that are under National Healt h Insurance programs; the U.S. althoughRead MoreU.s. Health Care System1439 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. health care system consumes a huge amount of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product, and is a massive system that provides essential and world-class care to millions of people (Niles, 2016). As a result of this huge burden of cost associated with it, the U.S. healthcare system has been critiqued, and has played a major role in sparking debates about changes to the way the U.S. healthcare system is run and organized. Thus, healthcare has been on the forefront of many American and politician minds

What Is the Definition of a Locavore

Locavore is a word often used to describe people who represent or take part in the growing local food movement. But what is a locavore exactly, and what distinguishes locavores from other consumers who appreciate the benefits of locally grown food? A locavore is someone who is committed to eating food that is grown or produced within their local community or region. What Do Locavores Eat? Most locavores define local as anything within 100 miles of their homes. Locavores who live in more remote areas sometimes expand their definition of locally grown food to include meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, honey and other food products that come from farms and other food producers within a 250-mile radius. Locavores may purchase local food from farmers markets, through a CSA (community supported agriculture) that provides local produce to its members, or at one of the growing number of national and regional supermarket chains that now stock a variety of locally grown foods. Why Do Locavores Choose Locally Grown Food? In general, locavores believe that locally grown food is fresher, better-tasting, more nutritious, and provides a healthier diet than typical supermarket food that is often grown on factory farms, doused with chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and transported hundreds or thousands of miles. Locavores argue that eating locally grown food supports farmers and small businesses in their communities. Because farms that produce food for local markets are more likely to use organic and natural methods, locavores also believe that eating locally grown food helps the planet by reducing air, soil and water pollution. In addition, eating food that is grown or raised locally, rather than being shipped long distances, conserves fuel and cuts greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming and other climate changes. Do Locavores Eat Any Food That Isnt Local? Locavores sometimes make exceptions in their diets for certain food products that are simply not available from local producers, items such as coffee, tea, chocolate, salt, and spices. Frequently, locavores who make such exceptions try to purchase those products from local businesses that are only one or two steps removed from the source, such as local coffee roasters, local chocolatiers, and so on. Jessica Prentice, the chef and writer who coined the term back in 2005, says being a locavore should be a pleasure, not a burden. And just for the record†¦ I am hardly a purist or a perfectionist, Prentice wrote in a blog post for the Oxford University Press in 2007. Personally, I don’t use the word as a whip to make myself or anyone else feel guilty for drinking coffee, cooking with coconut milk, or indulging in a piece of chocolate. There are things it makes sense to import because we can’t grow them here, and they’re either good for us or really delicious or both. But it doesn’t make sense to watch local apple orchards go out of business while our stores are filled with imported mealy apples. And if you spend a few weeks each year without the pleasures of imported delicacies, you really do learn a whole lot about your foodshed, about your place, about what you’re swallowing on a daily basis. Once upon a time, all human beings were locavores, and everything we ate was a gift of the Earth, Prentice added. To have something to devour is a blessing -- let’s not forget it. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

Rational Expectations is an Aspect of Domestic Policy

Aspect of domestic policy Application of differences in viewpoints analytical captured in figure 2.1 for theories as much as the internal politics of those international relations . ( 86 ) Thus, in their analysis of domestic politics , and national security studies Orthodox tend to stick to the same physical and rational perspective that distinguishes realism at the international level . This work has taken two main forms : Checking individual decision-makers , it was observed more often in times of crisis , and bureaucratic organizations to participate in the process of policy formulation and implementation . State theory implicit in the former state model is rational , as he and the actor, and the theory of politics implicit in the latter is the plurality of bureaucratic red tape or bureaucracy. Critics have questioned the deterrence of these theories implied by invoking in a variety of ways the ideological content of the environment , thus moving to the right along the x-axis . (87) and cognitive biases and motivational weakening of rationality that have attracted attention are , in this view , rooted not only in the orientation process information from individuals, but also in operations symbols and understandings , and worldviews shared by decision-makers and spread all over the community . (88) To the extent that they focus on the effects of collective understandings ( as reflected , for example , in ideologies and policy models ) instead of variables at the individualShow MoreRelatedProblem Set 5 Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Econ 214 Problem Set 5 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What impact will an unanticipated increase in the money supply have on the real interest rate, real output, and employment in the short run? How will expansionary monetary policy affect these factors in the long run? Explain. The money supply in an economy is the benchmark by which interest rates are determined. The supply of money is directly tied into the amount of money that can be loaned and borrowed in various capacities. The more money there is to loanRead MoreRational Expectation Hypothesis Proposed By Lucas ( 1973 ) And Sargent1524 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to rational expectation hypothesis proposed by Lucas (1973) and Sargent (1971), economic participants can make full use of all the information they can get to forecast the future inflation and will not make systematic mistakes. To be specific, inflation expectations lead to a faster pace of currency circulation. As inflation expectations rise, people feel that they will suffer losses due to the weakness of purchase power, and therefore do not want to continue to hold trading and preventiveRead MoreWilliam Churchill s Quote On Russia Putin1208 Words   |  5 PagesTo modify Winston Churchill’s quote on Russia Putin â€Å"†¦is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma.† We can unwrap this mystery by analyzing Putin’s foreign policy through the eyes Morgenthau which will be the basis of this paper. By understanding the mystery we can say that Putin is following a Realist perspective and not the liberalist perspective especially with the Crimean Conflict. Before we begin in analyzing Putin’s Russia we must outline a few of the essential factors of the realistRead MoreCapitalism, Ethics and the Public Service in the Modern Era2844 Words   |  12 Pagesadministration in a capitalist world has changed dramatically from its beginnings many years ago. The expectations of public management and public managers in the new millennium are more diverse than ever before. Important issues such as regulatory reform, public sector budgeting, human resources management, strategic policymaking, ethics and corruption are taking a front line. The concepts of rational administration, accountability, planning, control, budgeting and financial management are major factorsRead MoreThe Triangular Phillips Curve Model Essay2275 Words   |  10 Pagesas demand pull, cost push and inflation inertia. Similarly, Gal and Gertler (1999) construct the a kind of hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve model and claim that the main factors that affect inflation are the excess aggregate demand, inflation expectation and inflation inertia. In reality, the determinants of inflation are very complex, and the most common four mechanisms of production are stated as follows: 1) Demand pull type. 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Similarly, Gal and Gertler (1999) construct the a kind of hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve model and claim that the main factors that affect inflation are the excess aggregate demand, inflation expectation and inflation inertia. In reality, the determinants of inflation are very complex, and the most common four mechanisms of production are stated as follows: 1) Demand pull type. Excessive growth in aggregate demand leads to too much money chasingRead More The Transition Of Public Management in America Essay3137 Words   |  13 Pagesissues such as regulatory reform, public sector budgeting, human resources management, strategic policymaking, ethics, and corruption, now and in the future? Will the alternative to government delivery of service be privatization? The concepts of Rational Administ ration, Accountability, Planning, Control, Budgeting and Financial management are major factors in the future of this nation and the world. Having a well managed public sector and having America function at peek efficiency seems to be theRead MoreThe International Community Witnessed Dramatic Changes During The Tunisian Revolution1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthis theory, a player has a set of actions, each leading to certain outcome. The player has preferences over the outcomes, represented as â€Å"utilities†. A higher number of utilities, or payoffs, indicates a more preferred outcome. The principle of rational choice induces leaders to choose the option with the most preferred outcome. The prospect theory examines how the perceptions of gains or losses affect decision making. Individuals are risk aversive when dealing with losses. If a leader concludesRead MoreDeterrence During World War II1677 Words   |  7 Pagesdeclaratory policy reality in the context to bipolar world and advocated doctrine of â€Å"graduated response† to escalate the conflict after aggression in a controlled fashion with minimum application of nuclear force to discourage, repel or defeat aggressor utilizing tactical nuclear weapons. The above approaches did not discourage the potential adversaries to wage nuclear war, rather had ingredients to spiral the conflict towards possible nuclear exchange. Brodie thinking was much rational and influenced